Offshore-Wind
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Offshore wind farms have been in planning since 1997. The applications for projects in the exclusive economic zone are submitted to the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany. Applications for the wind farms within the 12 nm zone are submitted to the states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
The very high offshore wind capacity proposed is also a consequence of the present legal situation. Until now, each application has resulted in that area of the sea being blocked for other applicants. This situation changed after the amendment to the new Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG).
Nearly all German projects are planned for areas that are much more than 30 kilometres from the coast and in waters of between 20 and 35 meters in depth. This is both a consequence of the heavy use of the German coastal waters for shipping, fishing and gravel excavation and as a military exercise region for the Navy and Air force, and at the same time of the importance given to nature conservation in the coastal areas of North Baltic Seas, as the Wadden Sea national park illustrates. In addition, most planners voluntarily keep to a minimum distance of 30 kilometres from the shore. As a result, the wind parks hardly be visible from land or from the German islands.
